Lifespan
Psychology: Learning Measures for
Chapters 12 – 19)
Chapter 12 is a crossword
puzzle
Chapter
13
Physical and Cognitive Development
in Early Adulthood
1) The adult years are difficult to divide into
discrete periods because
A) biological
aging does not begin until middle adulthood.
B) the timing of
important milestones varies greatly among individuals.
C) the physical
changes of the adult years are one-dimensional.
D) the physical
changes of the adult years are unidirectional.
2) Which of the following is true about the
“wear-and-tear” theory of aging?
A) Evidence
suggests a moderate relationship between physical activity and early death.
B) Cross-cultural
research supports the idea that the body eventually wears out from use.
C) Despite
its benefits, vigorous exercise in adulthood is linked to frequent injuries,
such as bone breaks and muscle tears.
D) Regular,
moderate-to-vigorous exercise predicts a longer life, which is contrary to the
theory.
3) Dr. Rodin is conducting a study on
environmental factors that contribute to telomere length. Dr. Rodin can
expect to find that telomere
shortening
A) predicts
longevity.
B) is related to
slowed disease progression.
C) predicts
earlier death.
D) occurs
earlier in women than men.
4) When adults make positive lifestyle changes,
telomeres
A) decrease
in number.
B) respond
by shortening.
C) multiply
in number.
D) respond by lengthening.
5) Jay wants to protect the health of his
endocrine system. The safest approach for Jay is
A) a healthy diet and
physical activity.
B) hormone
therapy.
C) genetic
reconstruction.
D) cellular
therapy.
6) Darlene has heavy
deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of
her main arteries.
Darlene has
A) hypertension.
B) osteoporosis.
C) arrhythmia.
D) atherosclerosis.
7) The immune
response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy
_________ in the body.
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) telomeres
D) antigens
8) _____________ originate in the bone marrow,
mature in the thymus, and attack foreign substances directly.
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Telomeres
D) Antigens
9) __________ show(s) strong and continuous relationships
with almost every disease and health indicator.
A) Gender,
temperament, and personality
B) Income,
education, and occupational status
C) Quality
of family and peer relationships
D) Size of family and number of marriages
10) When overweight and obesity rates are combined,
____ percent of Americans are considered to be at an unhealthy weight.
A) 27
B) 47
C) 67
D) 87
11) Between the
1970s and 1990s, the rise in daily caloric intake
A) increased
by almost 100 calories.
B) increased
by over 500 calories.
C) was enough to add
an extra pound every 20 days.
D) was enough to add
5 extra pounds every month.
12) About 40 percent of Americans engage in
A) moderate
leisure-time physical activity five times a week.
B) light exercise
daily, with occasional moderate-to-heavy exercise.
C) no regular brief
sessions of even light activity.
D) high-intensity
exercise at least three times per week.
13) Regular physical activity is linked to
A) repetitive
injuries, particularly in the joints.
B) slight declines
T-cell production.
C) reduced
incidence of cancer.
D) reduced
energy, but improving mood.
14) Which of the following is true about exercise?
A) It strengthens the
heart muscle and increases blood pressure.
B) It produces
high-density lipoproteins that help remove LDLs.
C) It produces a
form of “good cholesterol” known as LDLs.
D) It decreases
neural activity in the cerebral cortex.
15) The most commonly abused substances in the United States are
A) cigarettes
and alcohol.
B) alcohol
and marijuana.
C) cigarettes
and over-the-counter medications.
D) alcohol and prescription medications.
16) Charles drinks alcohol often and is unable to
limit his alcohol use. Which of the following is probably also true about
Charles?
A) His alcoholism
probably started in his twenties or thirties.
B) He probably lives
in a culture where alcohol is a traditional part of ceremonial activities.
C) He is also a
heavy cigarette smoker.
D) He is probably a
social drinker who uses alcohol as a leisure activity.
17) Alcoholism is a
more common problem in cultures where alcohol is
A) regularly
served to and around minors.
B) a traditional
part of ceremonial activities.
C) a common part of
religious activities.
D) a carefully
controlled sign of adulthood.
18) Which of the
following statements about alcohol use in adulthood is true?
A) Alcohol
induces anxiety at first but relieves stress over time.
B) About
half of police activities in large cities involve alcohol-related offenses.
C) Almost 25
percent of fatal car crashes in the U.S. involve alcohol.
D) The most
effective prevention strategy for reducing alcohol abuse is to raise the
minimum drinking age to 25.
19) The most
successful treatment for alcoholism
A) is medication that
makes the individual sick if he or she consumes alcohol.
B) combines
antidepressants with individual therapy.
C) combines
counseling, group support, and aversion therapy.
D) is short-term
incarceration or hospitalization.
20) Ann Marie has begun visiting matchmaking
websites. She should know that
A) the success rates
for Internet dating services are higher than with conventional strategies.
B) online
dating leads to lasting offline relationships about 30 percent of the time.
C) less than 10
percent of online relationships last for more than six months.
D) 18 percent of
online ties that evolve into offline relationships last for more than a year.
21) Contemporary men and women
A) have fewer sexual
partners over their lifetimes than a generation ago.
B) differ little in
average number of lifetime sexual partners.
C) differ
significantly in average number of lifetime sexual partners.
D) have sex less
often than those of a generation ago.
22) When adults of
any age are asked how many sexual partners they have had in the past year, the
usual reply is
A) one. B) two.
C) three. D) none.
23) Which statement
most accurately reflects the sentiments of most Americans toward gay men,
lesbians, and bisexuals?
A) Most Americans are
opposed to homosexuality and do not support civil liberties or same-sex
marriage.
B) Most Americans
support civil liberties and equal employment opportunities for gays, lesbians,
and bisexuals.
C) Most Americans
approve of same-sex marriage and would advocate on behalf of gays, lesbians,
and bisexuals if asked.
D) Most Americans believe that it is okay for
two adults of the same sex to have sexual relations as long as they do not talk
about it.
24) The overall
rate of STDs is higher among women than men because
A) while men have
more sexual partners than women, women are less likely to use adequate
protection.
B) it is at least
twice as easy for a man to infect a woman with any STD as it is for a woman to
infect a man.
C) women
tend to receive less information about safe sexual practices.
D) rates of
promiscuity in the last decade have risen sharply in U.S. women.
25) Currently, AIDS is spreading most rapidly in
the United States through
A) homosexual
contact among gay men.
B) heterosexual
contact among young adults in high-SES areas.
C) heterosexual
contact among men who have many sexual partners.
D) heterosexual
contact in poverty-stricken minority groups.
Chapter
14
Emotional and Social Development
in early adulthood
26) Which of the following is an accurate
statement about risk and resilience in emerging adulthood?
A) Emerging
adults are susceptible to many risks due to their poor decision making and
uncertainty about the future.
B) Feelings
of loneliness are higher during the emerging adulthood years than at any other
time in life.
C) College
students who feel securely attached to their parents tend to have difficulty
adjusting to living on campus.
D) Emerging
adults with information-gathering cognitive styles tend to be the least
resilient.
27) According to Erikson, the psychological
conflict of early adulthood is
A) initiative
versus guilt.
B) industry
versus inferiority.
C) identity
versus role confusion.
D) intimacy
versus isolation.
28) Some aspects of ____________, such as
childbearing and child rearing, are under way in early adulthood.
A) generativity
B) ego integrity
C) initiative
D) identity diffusion
29) Which of the following individuals is the most
likely to experience a psychological crisis during the age-30 transition?
A) Miles,
who has no romantic relationships and a dissatisfying job
B) Roberta,
a successful office manager with a good marriage
C) Carlos, a
divorced man who runs an expanding chain of stores
D) Grace, a happily married stay-at-home
mom with three children
30) According to Vaillant, men become “keepers of
meaning,” or guardians of their culture, in their
A) twenties.
B) thirties
and forties.
C) fifties and
sixties.
D) seventies.
31) Which of the following is true about mate
selection?
A) Romantic
love is rarely an important factor in mate selection.
B) Little support
exists for the idea that opposites attract.
C) People
rarely select partners that resemble themselves.
D) U.S. women are
increasingly selecting mates who are younger than them.
32) According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of
love,
A) in most cultures,
“opposites attract.”
B) intimacy,
passion, and commitment shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.
C) initial passion
turns into intimacy, which then leads to commitment.
D) passion
develops after commitment is established.
33) An important feature of good communication in
a romantic relationship is
A) passionate
love.
B) constructive
criticism.
C) constructive
conflict resolution.
D) quiet reflection.
34) Which of the following is true about
perceptions of intimate relationships in Eastern cultures?
A) Trying to
satisfy dependency needs through an intimate bond is regarded as immature.
B) Mature
intimate relationships are based on autonomy and intense emotion.
C) Young
people today do not consider love to be a prerequisite for marriage.
D) In choosing a
mate, young people are expected to consider obligations to others.
35) Friendship continuity is greater for _______,
in part because they _______.
A) women; see
one another more often
B) women;
have friendlier dispositions
C) men; see one
another more often
D) men; have a
greater competitive nature
36) Which of the following is true about gender
differences in adult friendships?
A) Men have more
intimate same-sex friendships than women.
B) Female
friends often say they prefer to “just talk” when they get together.
C) Women
prefer to “do something” when they get together with same-sex friends.
D) Women are
more reluctant than men to divulge information about themselves.
37) __________ is the defining characteristic
of family ties.
A) Commitment
B) Intimacy
C) Proximity
D) Self-disclosure
38) Which of the following is true about
loneliness?
A) Loneliness
peaks during middle adulthood, then declines into the early part of late
adulthood.
B) Women not
involved in a romantic relationship feel lonelier than men because they have
fewer alternatives.
C) Single,
married, or cohabiting adults are lonelier than their separated, widowed, or
divorced counterparts.
D) Loneliness
rises during early adulthood because young adults expect more from their
intimate ties.
39) Immigrants from collectivist cultures report
A) higher
levels of loneliness than people born in the United States and Canada.
B) similar
levels of loneliness to native-born Westerners.
C) lower levels of
loneliness than native-born Americans.
D) low levels of
intimacy in most romantic relationships.
40) Leaving home very early is associated with
a(n)
A) high level of
education.
B) successful
married life.
C) high level of
social support.
D) unsuccessful work life.
41) What percent of Americans marry at least once?
A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90
42) The average age of first marriage in the United
States has
A) increased
for both men and women over the last half century.
B) decreased
for both men and women over the last two decades.
C) remained
constant for men but increased for women over the last decade.
D) increased
for women, but decreased for men.
43) ________ is the most consistent predictor of
marital stability.
A) Religious
similarity
B) Age of marriage
C) Acceptance
of in-laws
D) Educational
level
44) Which of the following statements about marriage is a myth?
A) Most couples spend
little time before the wedding day reflecting on the decision to marry.
B) The single best
predictor of marital satisfaction is the quality of a couple’s sex life.
C) Marital
happiness is grounded in mutual respect, joint problem solving, and
companionship.
D) Marriage
often involves the need to reshape the relationship in response to new
circumstances.
45) Which of the following statements is true about
violence in families?
A) Most perpetrators
eventually take responsible for their actions.
B) When
researchers ask American couples about fights that led to acts of hostility,
men and women report similar rates of assault.
C) Partner
abuse occurs far less often in homosexual relationships than in heterosexual
relationships.
D) American
men are twice as likely as American women to “strike first” in a fight, while
women are more likely to resort to assault in self-defense.
46) Which of these factors is most likely to lead
to partner abuse?
A) The victim is
jealous, dependent, and possessive.
B) The victim is
possessive, anxious, and independent.
C) The abuser is
indifferent and distant toward the spouse.
D) The abuser is dependent, jealous, and
possessive.
47) Postponing childbearing until the late twenties
or thirties
A) causes
greater marital strain.
B) eases the
transition to parenthood.
C) causes
gender roles to become more androgynous.
D) decreases
the likelihood of the father’s involvement in child care.
48) Which of the following is true about parenting
young children?
A) Most parents advocate
strict discipline for misbehavior.
B) Rearing
young children is a powerful source of adult development.
C) Parents
often disagree about appropriate discipline for preschool-age children.
D) Mothers
use more consistent discipline with preschoolers than fathers.
49) Parents of __________ often report a dip in
marital and life satisfaction.
A) infants
B) preschoolers
C) school-age
children
D) adolescents
50) In view of recent
trends, it is likely that most Americans will spend a substantial part of their
adult lives
A) childless.
B) single.
C) in a second
marriage.
D) as a stepparent.
Chapter 15 is a
crossword puzzle
Chapter 16 is a
crossword puzzle
Chapter
17
Physical and Cognitive Development
in Late Adulthood
51) Improved nutrition, medical treatment, and
sanitation all help account for the dramatic increase in _________ in the
twentieth century.
A) active living age
B) the life
expectancy crossover
C) functional
age
D) average life expectancy
52) The _________ is believed to be responsible
for the female advantage in average life expectancy.
A) gender
difference in alcohol consumption
B) protective
value of the extra X chromosome
C) risk factor of
the extra Y chromosome
D) gender difference in preventative
health care
53) Currently, an elder in _________ can expect to
live the longest in full health, without disease or injury.
A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) the United States
D) China
54) In developing nations with widespread poverty,
average healthy life expectancy is reduced by ___________ years, compared with
the industrialized world.
A) 5 to 7
B) 10 to 12
C) 15 to 20
D) 30 to 40
55) Around age 85, a life expectancy crossover
occurs in that
A) surviving
members of low-SES ethnic minority groups live longer than members of the white
majority.
B) surviving
members of the white majority live longer than members of low-SES ethnic
minority groups.
C) men outnumber
women by a ratio of about 3 to 1.
D) differences
in rates of chronic illness between high-SES and low-SES groups increase with
age.
56) Naomi, age 75, needs help bathing, dressing,
and getting into bed. She has difficulty performing
A) secondary
responsibilities of active functioning.
B) primary
activities of active functioning.
C) instrumental
activities of daily living.
D) activities
of daily living.
57) The _______ lobes of the brain show greater
shrinkage during aging.
A) frontal
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) parietal
58) One way older adults compensate for neuron
loss is
A) with an increase
in glial cells, which myelinate neural fibers.
B) to call on
additional brain regions to support cognitive processing.
C) with increased
efficiency of the central nervous system.
D) with increased
efficiency of the autonomic nervous system.
59) In late life,
more women than men report being ________ impaired, and more men than women
________ impaired.
A) visually;
hearing
B) hearing;
visually
C) sensory;
physically
D) physically;
sensory
60) Yuki’s reduced
sensitivity to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter flavors was evident by age 60,
but __________ can help make her food more attractive.
A) socializing
at mealtimes
B) artistic
arrangements
C) trying new
recipes
D) flavor additives
61) A reduction in
the sense of touch primarily affects the
A) face.
B) torso.
C) fingertips.
D) feet.
62) The primary effect of the normal age-related changes in the
functioning of the heart is
A) increased
blood flow throughout the circulatory system.
B) softer,
thinner artery walls.
C) higher
heart rates during exercise.
D) slower
blood flow throughout the circulatory system.
63) ___________
affect(s) nearly half of older adults at least a few nights per month.
A) Sleep apnea
B) Restless
legs
C) Insomnia
D) Frequent
nighttime urination
64) Which of the following is true about sleep
apnea?
A) It affects more
women than men.
B) Those who
are underweight are especially prone to it.
C) It affects more
men than women.
D) It is common
among the elderly is rarely dangerous.
65) Elders who
________________ adapt more favorably and feel better about it.
A) see aging as
inevitable and uncontrollable
B) generate
new, problem-centered coping strategies for aging
C) use cosmetics and
surgery to combat aging
D) ruminate
about the effects of aging
66) Because he has
mobility problems, Mr. Dow has a phone that can be dialed and answered by voice
commands. This is an example of
A) a smart-device.
B) selective
optimization with compensation.
C) assistive
technology.
D) assisted
living.
67) In China and
Japan,
A) anti-aging
products are commonly used.
B) younger
adults are more likely to view physical aging with pessimism.
C) an aging
appearance can be a source of pride.
D) seniors
are portrayed as frail and dependent.
68) Karl, age 78, takes a daily vitamin-mineral
supplement. This could result in
A) an enhanced immune
response.
B) a reduction in
the incidence of cancer.
C) a reduction in
the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
D) improvements in cognitive functioning
and memory.
69) Which of the
following is true about exercise for elders?
A) “Taking
it easy” is the best treatment for many chronic diseases.
B) About 70
percent of U.S. elders participate in regular exercise.
C) As many as 75
percent of elderly men and 80 percent of elderly women are not active enough.
D) Physically
active seniors are at high risk for injury.
70) Which of the
following is true about sexuality in late adulthood?
A) A majority of
elders attribute little to no importance to sex.
B) Most healthy
elder couples report continued, regular sexual enjoyment.
C) Men are more
likely than women to lose interest in sex.
D) Health
problems prevent sexual activity in nearly 80 percent of adults over age 65.
71) The only leading
cause of death that is more prevalent among women is
A) cancer.
B) cardiovascular
disease.
C) stroke.
D) emphysema.
72) Which of the following is true about
osteoarthritis?
A) Almost
all older adults show some sign of the condition on X-rays.
B) It involves
inflammation of connective tissue in the entire body.
C) Worldwide,
about 2 percent of older adults have the condition.
D) It often results
in a serious loss of mobility and can affect the heart and lungs.
73) ____________ is associated with more rapid
cognitive declines in the elderly and an elevated risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
A) Osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid
arthritis
C) Diabetes
D) Unintentional
injury
74) Which statement about elderly drivers and
motor vehicle accidents is true?
A) Because
of anxiety over declining vision, elders tend to drive less and, consequently,
are at low risk for traffic accidents and fatalities.
B) They have higher
rates of traffic violations, accidents, and fatalities per mile driven than any
other age group.
C) Compared
with young drivers, the elderly are less likely to drive quickly and recklessly
but more likely to fail to heed signs, yield the right of way, and turn
appropriately.
D) They are at low
risk for collisions at intersections because they tend to compensate for slower
reflexes by being extra cautious.
75) ____________
memory shows the smallest decline as people age.
A) Implicit
B) Recall
C) Associative
D) Temporal
Chapter
18
Emotional and Social Development
in Late Adulthood
76) The final psychological conflict of Erikson’s
theory, _______ versus _________, involves coming to terms with one’s life.
A) intimacy;
guilt
B) initiative;
isolation
C) ego integrity;
despair
D) industry; intimacy
77) Which of the following is associated with ego
integrity?
A) higher
SES
B) increased
isolation
C) greater
self-acceptance
D) increased
gender contentment
78) According to Erikson, despair occurs
A) when elders feel
they have made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate
route to integrity.
B) with the
realization that the integrity of one’s own life is part of an extended chain
of human existence.
C) when elders have
the capacity to view their own lives in the larger context of all humanity.
D) when elders
attempt to adapt to the mix of triumphs and disappointments that are an
inevitable part of life.
79) According to Robert Peck, for those who
invested heavily in their careers, ____________ involves finding other ways to
affirm self-worth through family, friendship, and community life.
A) body transcendence
B) ego transcendence
C) vocational
differentiation
D) ego
differentiation
80) While 80-year-old Naomi’s contemporaries have
died, she faces the reality of death constructively through efforts to make
life more secure, meaningful, and gratifying for younger generations. According
to Peck, Naomi has attained
A) body
transcendence.
B) ego
transcendence.
C) ego
differentiation.
D) future
differentiation.
81) In Peck’s theory,
____________ requires older adults to move beyond their life’s work, their
bodies, and their separate identities by investing in a future that extends
beyond their own lifespan.
A) ego
differentiation
B) body
transcendence
C) ego integrity
D) ego transcendence
82) Erikson’s widow,
Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial development called
A) gerotranscendence.
B) disengagement.
C) continuity.
D) reminiscence.
83) Joan Erikson speculated that success in
attaining gerotranscendence is apparent in
A) higher
marital satisfaction.
B) greater
community involvement.
C) displaying
socioemotional selectivity.
D) heightened
inner calm.
84) Mr. Sarandon
recalls past experiences with the goal of achieving a greater
self-understanding. Mr. Sarandon is engaged in
A) life review.
B) retrospection.
C) recall.
D) recognition.
85) Today’s elders in
industrialized nations are largely
A) focused
on the past.
B) present-
and future-oriented.
C) depressed.
D) focused
on the inevitability of death.
86) Elders have
accumulated a lifetime of self-knowledge, leading to ______________________
conceptions of themselves than at earlier ages.
A) more idealistic
and focused
B) less secure and
simplistic
C) more secure and
complex
D) less idealistic
and simplistic
87) Which of the
following statements is true about resilience in old age?
A) Old age is a time
in which the personality inevitably becomes rigid and morale declines.
B) Most seniors show
a modest age-related dip in acceptance of change.
C) A flexible,
optimistic approach to life is common in old age.
D) Elders tend to score higher in
extraversion than middle-aged adults.
88) Which of the
following is true about religious beliefs and behaviors in old age?
A) Less than
one-fourth of U.S. elders attend religious services weekly.
B) British
elders generally become more religious or spiritual as they age.
C) U.S. elders
generally become more religious or spiritual as they age.
D) Japanese
elders generally become less religious or spiritual as they age.
89) Which of the following is
true about sex differences in religious involvement and spirituality in late
adulthood?
A) Women and
men are equally likely to report that religion is very important to them.
B) Women are
more likely than men to engage in religious activities.
C) Men are more
likely than women to engage in a personal quest for connectedness with a higher
power.
D) Men are more
likely than women to report that religion is very important to them.
90) Religious
involvement is associated with
A) higher
SES.
B) less
reminiscence.
C) greater
death anxiety.
D) better physical
health.
91) Which of the
following is true about psychological well-being in late adulthood?
A) The physical
impairment–depression relationship is weaker among higher-SES elders.
B) More than actual
physical limitations, perceived negative physical health predicts depressive
symptoms.
C) The majority of
adults over age 75 suffer from chronic depression.
D) Late-life depression
tends to be less severe and of shorter duration than depression earlier in
life.
92) One of the
strongest risk factors for late-life depression is
A) distance
from family.
B) poor sleep
patterns.
C) financial
problems.
D) disability.
93) The suicide rate
is highest among
A) teens.
B) young
adults.
C) middle-aged
males.
D) people age 75 and older.
94) Which of the following is true about elder
suicide?
A) More elderly women
than men take their own lives.
B) Ethnic
minority elders have higher suicide rates than the white majority.
C) Failed suicides
are much rarer in old age than in adolescence.
D) Medical
examiners are more likely to pursue suicide as a cause of death when a person
is old.
95) Poverty among
lone elderly women is deeper in the United States than in other Western nations
because
A) U.S. women live
longer than women in other Western nations.
B) women in
other Western nations start out wealthier.
C) widowed
women in the United States are more likely to live in federally subsidized residential
units.
D) of less generous
government-sponsored income and health benefits.
96) Which of the
following is true about late-life marriages?
A) With an increase
in health and longevity, divorce and remarriage are now common in U.S. elders.
B) Perceptions
of fairness in the relationship increase as men participate more in household
tasks.
C) Compared
to younger couples, there is less
emphasis on regulating emotion.
D) Compared
to younger couples, elderly couples disagree more often.
97) Which statement about late-life marital discord
is correct?
A) Having
close, high-quality friendships profoundly reduces the negative impact of
marital discord on adjustment.
B) Men tend to
expend more energy trying to work on a troubled relationship.
C) Women often
protect themselves from the energy drain of a troubling relationship by
avoiding discussion.
D) When
marital dissatisfaction exists, it often takes a greater toll on women than on
men.
98) Compared with younger adults, elders who
divorce
A) find it easier to
separate their identity from that of their former spouse.
B) suffer less from
a sense of personal failure.
C) and remarry enter
more stable relationships.
D) are less likely
to spend their remaining years living alone.
99) Figures
underestimate the actual incidence of elder abuse because
A) most acts take
place in public settings like nursing homes, so they are not reported.
B) many social
workers do not believe elders’ claims of abuse or neglect.
C) normal
accidents and injuries that result from physical aging are mistaken for signs
of abuse.
D) most abusive acts take place in private and
victims are often unable or unwilling to complain.
100) ______________ elders are more vulnerable
to maltreatment.
A) Independent B) Divorced
C) Mentally
or physically impaired D)
Widowed
Chapter 19 is a crossword
puzzle